To go or not go to rehab, to send or not to send to rehab is a really critical question, especially as a parent. We all live upon a continuum. And I think you have to look at what has happened. Is it true that yes, many-many people have found recovery by never going to treatment. They may have found it through 12 steps, a therapist’s office, or some type of spiritual awakening that says, I don’t want to live like that anymore. Being an old professor, can you imagine a ruler? And we have people for example who have never used. Never touched a drug, never did, maybe for religious purposes, but they’ve never touched one. Then we have what we call experimental. So your child or you may have experimented. And do you remember that first time you tried alcohol or a drug? Do you remember how old you were? The average age today is about 11. But I can remember my mom put paregoric, which is an opium, on my teeth when I was just a baby. So I guess that’s the first time I had that experience, but not the first time I experimented. And by the way, parents, you only get to experiment one time with one drug. So it doesn’t count when your child has tried the 6-pack and came home and threw up, that’s the experiment. So you can’t say, he experimented with marijuana. Oh, he experimented with OxyContin. No, that’s the time. Then we have people that are called social users. And a social user is someone that the event is more important that the actual use. So for example if you go out because you’re turning 21, or maybe it’s your anniversary or something, you have that glass of wine or champagne, the event is more important. As a college professor, we used to talk about partying without regrets. And when a student told me they were going to go party, that was not social use. That meant they were going to go use alcohol or other drugs. The next category is abuse. And in this category there are unintended, unwanted consequences. So a young person may have gone and peed in the bushes. They may have slept with someone or done something they were embarrassed. They may have taken money out of their parent’s wallets. They may have told their parents they were going to Sally’s house and gone with Josh somewhere else. They may have driven their little sisters while they were under the influence. But they did something that they didn’t mean to do that was inconsistent with their values. And when they woke up in the morning, they felt awful about themselves. And this is the category where you can go from abuse back to social. And this is where you have to intervene. And this is where you can start out with harm reduction as a parent. Maybe you do go see a counselor, because kids can go from there. Not everyone goes from there to what we call substance abuse dependent. And when you think about who might need to go to treatment, it’s a love affair gone bad. For example, have you ever been in lust? Have you ever thought, everything gets all scattered in your head. And the most important thing for you to do is be in love with that chocolate chip cookie or that gentleman that you just met or that girl that you just met. That’s all that matters. And everything else goes out the window. You forget that you were late for a job, that you were late for school, but you’re in lust. And that single thing becomes more important. So when your thinking becomes where my next drug is, where am I going to get it, how am I going to get it, and that’s what’s most important, that’s when there needs to be something bigger. Because going one and one and just talking with an individual I think won’t stop that. That may be where there is some sort of community treatment needed. And what I can say to you is on a macro-level is we need to have interventions that are also public health harm reduction methods. We need to have parent groups in all our schools that are called parent care groups that sit there and bring this issue – not in a just say no method. Because I don’t know a kid that won’t experiment for the most part. There’s very few in that never use list. But ones that join together in very healthy ways. So when you have middle schoolers or high schoolers and they say they’re going to sleep at someone’s house. That mom calls that mom’s house and says, are you really going to be there? Is there really going to be someone there? Because sometimes in our day and age, some people are never there. And we need to take responsibility to help set up scenarios. And we also need to be role models. If your kids are seeing you drink on the weekends and have a good old time or occasionally smoke then I think you’re setting the standard for that behavior. So the answer in short is yes you do not have to go to treatment to get help for a substance abuse disorder. You do need some help if you have a mental health disorder. Treatment is helpful for both. But there are other things that can be done. There are community things that can be done. There are collective things that can be done on a macro level. We can set up parent groups. We can do many, many things. But can we ultimately prevent that individual, that child, that loved one from using? No. And that’s something I need for all of you to understand. Sometimes you do the best you can do with all of your resources, and sometimes really tough stuff happens. And then you need to know that you did the best you could with the resources you had. And never ever be afraid to reach out. There are low-cost facilities. There are no-cost facilities. I get a lot of phone calls. Not all of them end up being clients. But I and my infrastructure, myself and my team, so when you call I answer. And if I’m not the right person, I will try and connect you with who is.