Oppositional Defiant Disorder, or ODD, is a condition in children where they have a tendency to be defiant, oppositional, and they have the need to be in control. It's largely environmental. It could be influenced by parents that are too authoritative or too passive. It could also be influenced by personality, having a stubborn characteristic, or being too stubborn. The negative consequences are not useful because it just makes them angry. They want the need to control. Even a parent, for example, who is using corporal punishment; it might be effective in that moment for that child, but that child will go to school and be defiant at school, knowing that no one at that school is going to be permitted to hit that child. Because they crave the need for control, then you have more issues. So what you want to use for that child is positive reinforcement for the behaviors that you want them to exhibit. Also, in oppositional defiant, they might be motivated by attention seeking; in which case, positive reinforcement is effective in getting the behaviors that you want.