A prominent voice in this field is Carol Dweck who has defined two types of mindsets. One is a fixed mindset, where the child is told, "you're smart", always told "good job"; they're in a stagnant place from which they feel scared to move forward. The other is a growth mindset. Children who have a growth mindset are told, you know, "you are really trying", "you are really on a journey", "you are doing your thing", and "that's interesting to me and I'm also interested in what that journey is like for you". Those children develop a growth mindset and they're much more likely to push the envelope and to reach higher heights. So, when we tell our child, "you're smart", they're much less likely to choose a more difficult task and to persevere when things get tough. The research is really fascinating. It shows that if you connect with a child about their effort, about their journey, about their process, about what it's like to persevere and strive, that child is so much more likely to attain their potential than the child who is told good job, you're so smart, you're so great. The way of thinking about this is that when you praise a child and just tell them what they are you develop what's called a fixed mind sight. They don't feel like they can venture out from this safe place and they worry about losing face so they tend to be much more careful and safe. Whereas, by telling a child, you know, "how is it going", or "how did you do that?" or "wow, you're really working hard on that", you're creating what is thought of as a growth mind set. That child feels like they can do anything and they love the journey. They love the feeling of challenge and they develop persistence and grit.